Coated fabric membrane materials have been widely used in building structures in recent years due to their lightweight, high strength, and aesthetic characteristics. As a flexible composite material, the constitutive relationship of coated fabric like membrane materials has characteristics such as anisotropy, nonlinearity, and viscoelasticity. According to the standard "Technical Regulations for Membrane Structures" (CECS158:2015) of the China Engineering Construction Association, coated fabric membrane materials can be divided into two types based on the material of the yarn: G type and P type. G type refers to coated fabrics with a continuous layer of polymer on the surface of glass fiber fabric substrates, and P type membrane materials refer to coated fabrics with a continuous layer of polymer and an additional surface layer on the surface of polyester fiber fabric substrates. This article selects P-type membrane materials that have been widely used and have accumulated a lot of research for research.



The main mechanical properties of the membrane material are crucial for the structural performance of the membrane. With the widespread application of membrane materials and further improvement of scientific research technology, uniaxial and biaxial mechanical performance testing of membrane materials has become the most basic research method. At present, research and testing on the mechanical properties of coated fabric membrane materials can be divided into two categories: uniaxial tensile and biaxial tensile. Uniaxial tensile testing can be used to detect the tensile strength, fracture elongation, tear strength, coating peel strength, shear modulus, creep energy, etc. of the membrane material, while biaxial tensile testing is mainly used to detect the biaxial elastic modulus and Poisson's ratio of the membrane material. Zhang Yingying et al. [2] conducted experiments on a local full-scale model of the Shanghai World Expo axial membrane structure engineering, analyzed the mechanical properties of membrane nodes, and studied the uniaxial and biaxial mechanical properties of membrane materials. They analyzed the failure strength criteria and applicability of membrane materials, designed biaxial failure tests, and analyzed the failure modes of membrane materials. Liu Qiannan [3] conducted a detailed analysis and study on the tensile mechanical properties of fabrics. When the fabric is stretched, tension is generated due to the stretching of the yarn, causing the other direction of the yarn to be squeezed in the thickness direction at the interweaving point, resulting in bending. At the same time, shear force is generated to react on the tensile yarn. As the tensile force increases, the interaction between the yarn system intensifies, causing damage to the fabric structure.



In recent years, membrane structure engineering often experiences tearing and damage of membrane materials. The tearing damage of building membrane materials is usually caused by initial small holes, cracks, or other defects on the membrane material under the installation stress or pre-stress of the membrane structure. Later, it may rapidly expand due to strong winds and other factors, leading to the overall failure of the membrane structure. Due to the close relationship between tear damage and the safety of installation and use of membrane materials, the tear strength of membrane materials has become an important indicator for measuring the occurrence and expansion of damage. Therefore, research on the tear performance of membrane materials has received widespread attention [4,5].